EFECTOS DE UN PROGRAMA DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA MULTIMODAL SOBRE LOS ÍNDICES DE ESTRÉS (SÍNDROME DE AGOTAMIENTO) EN EMPLEADOS DEL SENA.

Diego Alejandro Rojas Jaimes, Fabian Yesid Roa Flórez

Resumen


Dentro del estudio de los procesos del estrés laboral surgió el estudio del síndrome de agotamiento (SDA) como fenómeno perjudicial para el trabajador. El abordaje terapéutico del SDA se ha relacionado con la actividad física que ha demostrado potenciales efectos positivos en psicológico y físico, sin embargo, los estudios no muestran diversas en las actividades que integran estos programas. De esta forma, el objetivo del presente estudio es Analizar los efectos de un programa de actividad física multimodal sobre los índices de estrés (síndrome de agotamiento) en empleados del SENA. Participaron del estudio 52 adultos. La muestra fue distribuida en 2 grupos grupo control (GC) y grupo experimental (GE). Se evaluó la afectación del SDA mediante el cuestionario de Maslach y el componente de aptitud fisica. Se aplicaron 12 semanas de entrenamiento multimodal, con el objetivo de disminuir los efectos negativos del estrés en los trabajadores enfocado en el incremento de la condición física y refuerzo psicológicos (trabajo en equipo y la resiliencia). Para verificar el efecto de las intervenciones se realizaron MANOVA de dos vías para cada una de las variables evaluadas, tomando como factores grupo (GExGC) y momento (pretest x evaluación1) con medidas repetidas para el segundo factor. MANOVA indico una interacción entre los factores momento y grupo para la fatiga emocional y en la despersonalización. Para la funcionalidad se evidencio una interacción entre los factores en la aptitud aeróbica. De esta forma los resultados de este trabajo permiten concluir que la actividad física multimodal por sí sola no es suficiente para disminuir todos los aspectos del SDA

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Referencias


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Ranchal Sánchez, A., & Vaquero Abellán, M. (2008). Burnout, variables fisiológicas y antropométricas: un estudio en el profesorado. Medicina y Seguridad Del Trabajo, 54(210), 47–55.

Acosta García, G. M. (2017). Riesgos ergonómicos en el personal de enfermería del Hospital Básico Civil de Borbón. Ecuador-PUCESE-Escuela de Enfermería.

Ashkanasy, N. M., & Dorris, A. D. (2017). Emotions in the Workplace. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavio. Retrieved from https://www.annualreviews.org/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-orgpsych-032516-113231

Bretland, R. J., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2015). Reducing workplace burnout: The relative benefits of cardiovascular and resistance exercise. PeerJ, 3, e891.

Cornelius, A., & Carlotto, M. S. (2007). Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais de atendimento de urgência. Revista Psicologia Em Foco, 1(1), 15–27.

de Vries, J. D., Van Hooff, M. L. M., Geurts, S. A. E., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2017). Exercise to reduce work-related fatigue among employees: a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 337–349.

De Young, R. (2013). Environmental psychology overview. Green Organizations: Driving Change with IO Psychology, 17–33.

Forcier, K., Stroud, L. R., Papandonatos, G. D., Hitsman, B., Reiches, M., Krishnamoorthy, J., & Niaura, R. (2006). Links between physical fitness and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to psychological stressors: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 25(6), 723.

Freudenberger, H. J. (1975). The staff burn-out syndrome in alternative institutions. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 12(1), 73.

Galper, D. I., Trivedi, M. H., Barlow, C. E., Dunn, A. L., & Kampert, J. B. (2006). Inverse association between physical inactivity and mental health in men and women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(1), 173–178.

Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I.-M., … Swain, D. P. (2011). Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(7). Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2011/07000/Quantity_and_Quality_of_Exercise_for_Developing.26.aspx

Golembiewski, R. T., & Munzenrider, R. F. (1988). Phases of burnout: Developments in concepts and applications. Praeger Publishers.

Guo, Y. (2011). The Job Burnout in college teachers and the management strategy. 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science, 1–4. IEEE.

Heiden, M., Lyskov, E., Nakata, M., Sahlin, K., Sahlin, T., & Barnekow-Bergkvist, M. (2007). Evaluation of cognitive behavioural training and physical activity for patients with stress-related illnesses: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(5), 366–373.

Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernández Collado, C., & Baptista Lucio, M. del P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación. Mcgraw-hill.

Higgins, N. C. (1986). Occupational stress and working women: The effectiveness of two stress reduction programs. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29(1), 66–78.

Johnson, J. R., Emmons, H. C., Rivard, R. L., Griffin, K. H., & Dusek, J. A. (2015). Resilience training: a pilot study of a mindfulness-based program with depressed healthcare professionals. Explore, 11(6), 433–444.

Klaperski, S., von Dawans, B., Heinrichs, M., & Fuchs, R. (2014). Effects of a 12-week endurance training program on the physiological response to psychosocial stress in men: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37(6), 1118–1133.

Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (1988). The impact of interpersonal environment on burnout and organizational commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9(4), 297–308.

Magri, L. V., Melchior, M. O., Jarina, L., Simonaggio, F. F., & Bataglion, C. (2016). Relationship between temporomandibular disorder symptoms signs and Burnout syndrome among dentistry students. Revista Dor, 17(3), 171–177.

Malakh-Pines, A., Aronson, E., & Kafry, D. (1981). Burnout: From tedium to personal growth. Free Pr.

Marente, A., & Antonio, J. (2006). Profesión docente y estrés laboral: una aproximación a los conceptos de estrés laboral y burnout. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación (ISSN: 1681-5653): Http://Www. Rieoei. Org/Deloslectores/1341Ayuso. Pdf.

Maslach, C. (2003). Job burnout: New directions in research and intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(5), 189–192.

Maslach, C., & EJackson, S. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113.

Maslach, C, & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. . 1981; 2: 99-113. Cited by Joo KB, Kim KB. A study of care burden, burnout, and quality of life among family caregivers for the elderly. Journal of Occupational Behaviors, 14(4), 278–289.

Maslach, Christina, & Schaufeli, W. B. (1993). Historical and conceptual development of burnout. Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research, 12, 1–16.

Maslach, Christina, Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422.

Mazza, J. C. (2003). Mediciones antropométricas. Estandarización de las técnicas de medición, actualizada según parámetros internacionales. PubliCE Standard.

Mealer, M., Conrad, D., Evans, J., Jooste, K., Solyntjes, J., Rothbaum, B., & Moss, M. (2014). Feasibility and acceptability of a resilience training program for intensive care unit nurses. American Journal of Critical Care, 23(6), e97–e105.

Moraes, M. G. de. (2017). Aptidão física e síndrome de burnout: um estudo com professores e médicos. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP).

Naczenski, L. M., de Vries, J. D., van Hooff, M. L. M., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2017). Systematic review of the association between physical activity and burnout. Journal of Occupational Health, 59(6), 477–494. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.17-0050-RA

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Perez, E. J. P. (2011). La relación trabajo-estrés laboral en los colombianos. Revista CES Salud Pública, 2(1), 66–73.

Ranchal Sánchez, A., & Vaquero Abellán, M. (2008). Burnout, variables fisiológicas y antropométricas: un estudio en el profesorado. Medicina y Seguridad Del Trabajo, 54(210), 47–55.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24054/16927427.v0.n0.2021.4635

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