Identificación de aislamientos clínicos de Fusarium spp mediante técnicas moleculares en Colombia.

Yesid Fabián Acevedo-Granados, Luz Elena Cano, Adelaida María Gaviria Rivera

Resumen


Fusarium

es un género fúngico amplio y diverso de diferentes complejos de

especies, causante de una gran variedad de enfermedades en plantas, productor de

diversas toxinas y representa un importante patógeno oportunista en humanos. La

identificación de las especies de Fusarium ha sido por mucho tiempo una tarea

compleja y controversial. Esto es debido principalmente a la aplicación de diferentes

sistemas taxonómicos y la inherente variabilidad morfológica de algunas de estas

especies. Estas características requieren de la revisión por parte de un experto

micólogo, con el fin de lograr un acertado y confiable diagnóstico, el cual es crucial

en el manejo de enfermedades o infecciones y estudios de diversidad genética. En

Colombia, se ha reportado un incremento anual del 317 % de casos de infecciones

causadas por Fusarium, entre 1995 y 2003, sin embargo en centros especializados a

nivel nacional en micología médica, no se lleva a cabo un diagnóstico a nivel de

especie. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de establecer la identidad de aislamientos

clínicos de Fusarium, mediante el uso de un marcador molecular. Para lograr este

objetivo se llevó a cabo la identificación de los 59 aislamientos mediante consulta en

la base de datos Fusarium-ID con base en secuencias codificantes del factor de

elongación de la traducción EF-1a. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron observar la

agrupación de los 59 aislamientos en tres complejos de especies: Fusarium

oxysporum

(FOSC), Fusarium solani (FSSC) y Fusarium incarnanatum-equiseti

(FIESC). Basado en los resultados, se observa que el uso de las secuencias

codificantes para el factor de elongación de traducción permiten una confiable

clasificación de los aislamientos de origen clínico y permite ratificar la utilidad que

posee este marcador molecular en los distintos complejos de Fusarium.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v1.n1.2014.1825

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