PHYSICO-CHEMICAL WATER QUALITY INDICES- A COMPARATIVE REVIEW –

Nelson Fernández, Alberto Ramírez, Fredy Solano

Resumen


Water quality assessment can be defined as the evaluation of the physical, chemical and biological nature of water in relation to natural quality, human effects and intended uses. Water Quality Indices (WQIs) and Water Pollution Indices (WPIs) reduce a great amount of parameters to a simpler expression, to enable easier interpretation of the monitoring data. Main Difference between WQIs and WPIs included the form how they evaluate the processes of pollution and the number of variables taken in account in each formulation.

 In this context, this paper displays a comparative study of 36 (thirty-six) WQIs and WPIs, on the basis of mathematical structure, similarity parameters and behavior given the same set of data. The results indicate that appreciable differences exist between classifications given by different indices on the same water sample. Differing parameter numbers, calculations and aggregation formulas can explain this. Thus, it was possible to establish that the WPIs developed in Colombia by Ramirez et. al. (1997) and the AMOEBA strategy, developed by de Zwart (1995) in The Netherlands, displays great advantages over traditional formulations, because the different kinds the pollution are segregated better.


Texto completo:

art 3

Referencias


- BCWQI, 1996. Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks. The Water Quality Section. British Columbia Water Quality Status Report. April. Victoria, BC.

- Brown, R. M., McClelland, N. I., Deininger, R. A and Tozer, R. 1970. A Water Quality Index -Do we Dare?. Water and Sewage Works, October.

- Cooper, J. A. G., Ramm, A. E. L. & Harrison, T. D. 1994. The Estuarine Health Index: A New Approach to Scientific Information Transfer. Ocean & Coastal

Management. 25: 103-141.

- Couillard, D. & Y. Lefebvre, 1985. Analysis of Water Quality Indices. Journal of Environmental Management 21:161-179.

- Cude, Curtis. 2001. Oregon Water Quality Index: A Tool for Evaluating Water Quality Management Effectiveness. Paper No. 99051 of the Journal of the American Resources Association 37(1):125-138.

- Cude, Curtis. 2002. Reply To Discussion: Oregon Water Quality Index: A Tool for Evaluating Water Quality Management. Journal of American Water Resources Association 38(1):315-318

- Cude, curtis. 2003. Personal Communication.

- Decreto 475 de 1985. Ministerio de Salud. Colombia.

- Decreto 1594 de 1984. Ministerio de Salud. Colombia

- Dice, L. R. 1945. Measures of the amount of Ecological Association Between Species. Ecology 26:297-302.

- Dinius, S.H., 1987. Design of a Water Quality Index. W.R. Bulletin, V23, #5, Pp. 833-43.

- Dojlido J., Raniszewski, J., Woyciechowska, J., 1994, Water Quality Index Appplied to River in the Vistula. River Basin in Poland. Enviromental Monitoring And Assessment 33: 33-42.

- Dunnette, D.A. 1979. A Geographically Variable Water Quality Index Used in Oregon. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 51(1): :53-61 In Cude (2001). Oregon Water Quality Index: A Tool for Evaluating Water Quality Management Effectiveness. Paper No. 99051 of the Journal of the American Resources Association 37(1):125-138.

- Fernández, N. Solano, F. Ramos, G. 2003. ICATEST V 1.0. A Useful Tool for Water Quality Assessment. Vice Dean of Research. Pamplona University. Pamplona. Colombia. 120 pp: In Spanish.

- Hallock, D. 1990. Results of the 1990 water Quality Index Analysis. Washington. Washington Department of Ecology.

- House, M. A. 1989. A water quality index for river management. Journal of the Institute of Water & Environmental Management 3: 336-344.

- IDEAM, 2000. Estudio Nacional del Agua. In: http//ideam.gov.co - Kahler-Royer, Chantill., 1999. A Water Quality Index Devised for the Des Moines River in Central Iowa. Master Science Graduate Thesis. Civil Engineering (Environmental Engineering) Iowa State University Ames, Iowa.

- Landwehr, J.M. 1974. Water Quality Indices Application in the Kansas River Basin. EPA-907/9-74, February.

- Kung, H., Et Al., 1992. A Complementary Tool to Water Quality Indices: Fuzzy Clustering Analysis. Water Res. Bull., 28:3, 525-533.

- Landwehr, J. M. & R.A. Deininger., 1976. A Comparision of Several Water Quality Indices. Water Pollution Control Fed. 48(5):957-958. In: Dinius, S.H., 1987. Design of a Water Quality Index, W.R. Bulletin, V23, #5, Pp. 833-43.

- León, L.F., (1991), Índice de Calidad del Agua, Ica, Inf. # Sh-9101/01, Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, México, 36 P.

- Montoya, H.A., C.S Contreras Y V.M.R. García. 1997. Estudio Integral De La Calidad Del Agua En El Estado De Jalisco. Com. Nal. Agua., Geren. Reg. Lermasantiago. Guadalajara. 106 Pp

- Ott, W.R., 1978. Environmental Indices, Theory And Practice, A Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan. In: Dinius, S.H., 1987. Design of a Water Quality Index. W.R. Bulletin, V23, #5, Pp. 833-43.

- Raczynska, M., Zurawska, J. Chojnacki, C. 2000. The Problem of Quality Assessment of Surface Lotic Waters as Exemplified by Rivers Tywa and Rurzyca. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Vol 3 Issue 1. Series Fisheries.

- Ramírez, A., Restrepo, R., Cardeñosa, M., 1999. Índices de Contaminación para Caracterización de Aguas Continentales y Vertimientos. Formulaciones. Ciencia Tecnología y Futuro 1(5): 89-99.

- Ramírez, A., Restrepo, R., Viña, G., 1997. Cuatro Índices de Contaminación para Caracterización de Aguas Continentales. Formulaciones y Aplicación. Ciencia Tecnología y Futuro 1(3): 135 - 153.

- Ramírez, A., Viña, G., 1998. Limnología Colombiana. Aportes a su Conocimiento y Estadísticas de Análisis. Univ. Jorge Tadeo Lozano - BP Exploration, Bogotá. - Richardson, A. M., 1997. Development of an Estuarine Water Quality Index (eWQI) for New South Wales. Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Batchelor of Science (Honours), University of Sydney. 148pp.

- Said, A., Stevens, D. Sehlkel, G. 2002. Water Quality Relationships and Evaluation Using a New Water Quality Index. Paper submitted to: UCOWR Annual Conference "Integrated Transboundary Water Management" Tranverse City. Michigan.

- Sorensen, T. 1948. A Method for Establishing Groups of Equal Amplitude in Plant Sociology Based on Similarity of Species Content. Biol. Skr., K. Danske Vidensk. Pollution. Vol. 1. R. A. Geyer (Eds)., pp 797-529. Elsevier. Amsterdam

- Stambuk-Giljanovc., 1999. Water Quality Evaluation by Index in Dalmatia. Wat. Res. 33(16): 3423-3440. Elsevier Science Ltd.

- Stojda A., Dojlido J., Woyciechowska J., 1985, Water Quality Assessment with Water Quality Index, Gospod. Wod. 12, 281-284.

- Van Helmond, C.A.M. & R.M.A. Breukel., 1997. Physico-Chemical Water Quality Indices. In: J.J. Ottens, F.A.M. Claessen, P.G. Stoks, J.G. Timmerman and R.C. Ward (eds) - Monitoring, tailor-made II. Proceedings of an International workshop on information strategies in water management, Nunspeet, The Netherlands, 475- 479.

- WEP, 1996. Lower Great Miami Watershed Enhancement Program (WEP). Miami Valley River Index. Http://Www.Mvrpc.Org/Wq/Wep.Htm.

- Zwart, D. De & R.C. Trivedi., 1995. Manual on Water Quality Evaluation, RIMV. The Netherlands.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v1.n1.2004.9

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.