EFECTO GENOTOXICO DEL AGUA RESIDUAL DE LA CURTIEMBRE SAN FAUSTINO-NORTE DE SANTANDER-COLOMBIA

Greila Paola Quintero Salamanca, Alfonso Quijano Parra, Ivan Melendez Gelvez

Resumen


Las industrias curtiembres impactan nocivamente el ecosistema por las considerables cantidades de residuos orgánicos y tóxicos que generan, tales como sales y metales pesados; siendo estos últimos, altamente tóxicos, según la IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) por inducir efectos mutagénicos y genotóxicos en los seres humanos.

La problemática se presenta por el mal manejo de los desechos, debido a la falta de cultura en la preservación y cuidado de los recursos naturales, la desinformación y la no concientización de las secuelas que se generan, siendo una de las más relevantes que este recurso hídrico contaminado puede llegar a ser usado indiscriminadamente por la población; por tal motivo se hace necesario estimar el impacto ambiental generado. La importancia de este estudio radica en que los desechos de curtiembres ubicadas en la ciudad de Cúcuta, pueden llegar al río Pamplonita, y contaminarlo con metales pesados, como lo reportan estudios realizados en las aguas de desecho de la curtiembre Tasajero.

En este estudio se identificaron los metales pesados (Cr, Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu) presentes en el agua residual proveniente de la curtiembre San Faustino (Cúcuta), utilizando la técnica de espectroscopia de absorción atómica; encontrándose concentraciones perjudiciales para el ser humano. La  mutagenicidad se determninó a través del test de Ames, con las cepas de Salmonella typhimurium TA98 y TA100. Para determinar la genotoxicidad, se usó el ensayo cometa. Se encontró que las aguas de desecho de la curtiembre San Faustino, inducen un incremento en la mutagenicidad en las cepas TA98 y TA100 de Salmonella typhimurium. De igual manera, se encontró que las aguas de desecho de la curtiembre San Faustino, provocan daño al ADN en linfocitos humanos.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24054/16927257.v32.n32.2018.3021

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