Influencia de los solventes en la identificación de los contaminantes prioritarios del aire de Cúcuta.

Alfonso Quijano Parra, Monica Juliana Quijano Vargas, Freddy Solano Ortega

Resumen


Estudios epidemiológicos han puesto de manifiesto que el mayor factor de contaminación de la atmósfera urbana son las partículas en suspensión, conocidas como material particulado (PM), que incluye las partículas suspendidas totales (PST) y partículas de la fracción respirable entre las cuales tenemos al PM 10  (partículas con diámetro aerodinámico inferior a

10 µm) conocidas como partículas finas y el PM2.5  conocido como material particulado ultrafino. La contaminación atmosférica producida por el material particulado (PM) es un problema mundial, el cuál es generado por las actividades industriales y tubos de escape de vehículos de motor.

Estudios de fraccionamiento del material particulado orgánico (PM2.5 ) del aire, han identificado hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (HAP) mutagénicos y carcinogénicos, que pueden causar daño oxidativo del ADN y pueden conducir a efectos cardiovasculares y reproductivos.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar la importancia de utilizar diferentes solventes en la extracción de la materia organica del PM2.5 (HAP) del aire de nuestras ciudades. Se muestran los HAP extraídos con el

sistema DCM-Etanol-Tolueno y se comparan con los HAP extraídos con los solventes tradicionales Acetona y Diclorometano. La identificación de los HAP considerados como contaminantes prioritarios (CP) y reconocidos por su afectación a la salud de la población se realizó, mediante cromatografía

de gases con detector FID. Los HAP (CP) encontrados en la ciudad de Cúcuta son:  Benzo[a]antraceno,Criseno,Benzo[k]fluoranteno ,Benzo[b] fluoranteno ,Benzo[a] Pireno, Indeno[1,2,3-cd] pireno y Dibenzo[a,h] antraceno .


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v1.n1.2014.1824

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