Influencia de la combustión vehicular en la calidad del aire de Pamplona-Colombia

Mónica Juliana Quijano Vargas, Ivan Melendez Gelvez

Resumen


La contaminación del aire por material particulado (PM) se considera un serio problema ambiental debido a la presencia en la atmósfera de materiales  peligrosos tales como metales e hidrocarburos aromáticos poli cíclicos (HAP).

En los últimos tiempos ha tomado un gran auge en los países del tercer mundo incluida la América Latina, el estudio de la exposición humana a las emisiones de combustión provenientes de las fuentes móviles que circulan con gasolina y diésel que incluyen las partículas finas (PM2.5) y los componentes muta génicos y carcinogénicos como son los HAP. Los HAP son uno de los contaminantes prioritarios del aire debido a sus propiedades extremadamente peligrosas para la salud humana. La materia orgánica presente en los filtros de PM2.5 del aire de Pamplona fue extraída con Diclorometano. Los efectos genotóxicos del material particulado PM2.5 del aire de Pamplona recolectado en una vía de alto tráfico vehicular por la cual circulan vehículos de carga pesada (tractomulas) que funcionan con diésel  y vehículos livianos que funcionan con gasolina, fue evaluado mediante el ensayo cometa. Se identificó  por cromatografía de gases (FID) un grupo de HAP considerados por la US EPA como contaminantes prioritarios; entre estos tenemos: naftaleno, fluoreno, fenantreno, pireno, benzo[a]antraceno y la mezcla indeno [1,2,3-cd] pireno, dibenzo[a,h]antraceno.

 

Palabras clave: ensayo cometa, genotoxicidad, Benzo(a) antraceno,cromatografía de gases, contaminación del aire.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v1.n1.2016.1929

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